New, self-built PC keeps getting BSOD at random intervals.

This page Intel® Driver Update Utility may work for you.

Looking back through the thread I don't see if you flashed (updated) your BIOS. There is one for your board dated 8/23 here GIGABYTE - Motherboard - Socket 1155 - GA-Z77X-UD5H (rev. 1.0)
Also there under the Drivers section, download and install The two Intel items under Chipset.
Also check in with OCZ with these issues.

OK, thanks for the info.
I'm not positive, but I think the processor driver is part of the chipset drivers package.

Let's test your CPU.

Download and run OCCT.
Run the standard CPU:OCCT test for at least 30 minutes by filling in the 'Duration' section.
Passed or failed it will save copies of graphs, attach these in your next post.
For posting the information , enter 'Snipping tool' in the Start button > Search box, hit enter. Select the area you want to post and save to a convenient place.
How to Post a Screenshot in Seven Forums

Be sure to open and check Real Temp for your CPU core temps.
Intel® Core™ i5-2500 Processor
Your max CPU core temp is: 77.6°C

Weather or not the above test passes update your Intel RST driver.
Intel® Rapid Storage Technology

Do you know what this driver is for?
adp94xx.sys - 05/12/2008 - Adaptec HostRAID SAS Driver
This driver is out of date and needs to be removed or updated.

System Event Log:

Code:

Event[3410]:
  Log Name: System
  Source: cdrom
  Date: 2012-08-27T22:52:36.939
  Event ID: 7
  Task: N/A
  Level: Error
  Opcode: N/A
  Keyword: Classic
  User: N/A
  User Name: N/A
  Computer: Deadpool-PC
  Description: 
The device, \Device\CdRom0, has a bad block.

There are a lot of these errors.
What USB devices are you using?
Disconnect all devices that are not absolutely required, including USB hubs and any audio.
Application Event Logs:

Code:

Event[5]:
  Log Name: Application
  Source: Windows Error Reporting
  Date: 2012-08-26T14:34:04.000
  Event ID: 1001
  Task: N/A
  Level: Information
  Opcode: Info
  Keyword: Classic
  User: N/A
  User Name: N/A
  Computer: 37L4247F27-25
  Description: 
Fault bucket , type 0
Event Name: PnPDriverNotFound
Response: Not available
Cab Id: 0

Problem signature:
P1: x64
P2: PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_1E3A&SUBSYS_1C3A1458&REV_04
P3: 
P4: 
P5: 
P6: 
P7: 
P8: 
P9: 
P10: 

Attached files:
C:\Windows\Temp\DMI30DF.tmp.log.xml

These files may be available here:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportQueue\NonCritical_x64_5c547a39c5ee3de66237dfde5fadf1a481fecc4e_cab_05f830ee

Analysis symbol: 
Rechecking for solution: 0
Report Id: b3a02064-ef82-11e1-b08a-ab51c9cc4216
Report Status: 6

Event[6]:
  Log Name: Application
  Source: Windows Error Reporting
  Date: 2012-08-26T14:34:04.000
  Event ID: 1001
  Task: N/A
  Level: Information
  Opcode: Info
  Keyword: Classic
  User: N/A
  User Name: N/A
  Computer: 37L4247F27-25
  Description: 
Fault bucket , type 0
Event Name: PnPDriverNotFound
Response: Not available
Cab Id: 0

Problem signature:
P1: x64
P2: PCI\VEN_1969&DEV_1083&SUBSYS_E0001458&REV_C0
P3: 
P4: 
P5: 
P6: 
P7: 
P8: 
P9: 
P10: 

Attached files:
C:\Windows\Temp\DMI3207.tmp.log.xml

These files may be available here:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportQueue\NonCritical_x64_45124860177c17b28feb4811df668b41fcd29072_cab_05f03207

Analysis symbol: 
Rechecking for solution: 0
Report Id: b3caf928-ef82-11e1-b08a-ab51c9cc4216
Report Status: 6

These are usually caused by overheating CPU.
There are a lot of these.
Run the Intel CPU test linked above.

Code:

Event[163]:
  Log Name: Application
  Source: Microsoft-Windows-WMI
  Date: 2012-08-26T14:37:32.000
  Event ID: 10
  Task: N/A
  Level: Error
  Opcode: N/A
  Keyword: Classic
  User: N/A
  User Name: N/A
  Computer: Deadpool-PC
  Description: 
Event filter with query "SELECT * FROM __InstanceModificationEvent WITHIN 60 WHERE TargetInstance ISA "Win32_Processor" AND TargetInstance.LoadPercentage > 99" could not be reactivated in namespace "//./root/CIMV2" because of error 0x80041003. Events cannot be delivered through this filter until the problem is corrected.

Many Windows update failures:

Code:

Event[278]:
  Log Name: Application
  Source: Microsoft-Windows-CAPI2
  Date: 2012-08-26T14:46:10.739
  Event ID: 4107
  Task: N/A
  Level: Error
  Opcode: Info
  Keyword: Classic
  User: N/A
  User Name: N/A
  Computer: Deadpool-PC
  Description: 
Failed extract of third-party root list from auto update cab at: <http://www.download.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/v3/static/trustedr/en/authrootstl.cab> with error: A required certificate is not within its validity period when verifying against the current system clock or the timestamp in the signed file.

Event[638]:
  Log Name: Application
  Source: Windows Error Reporting
  Date: 2012-08-27T16:05:00.000
  Event ID: 1001
  Task: N/A
  Level: Information
  Opcode: Info
  Keyword: Classic
  User: N/A
  User Name: N/A
  Computer: Deadpool-PC
  Description: 
Fault bucket 3031170649, type 5
Event Name: WindowsUpdateFailure
Response: Not available
Cab Id: 0

Problem signature:
P1: 7.6.7600.256
P2: 80242016
P3: 150A5DC7-B6EE-4191-99DE-42DB6032A0C2
P4: Install
P5: 101
P6: Unmanaged
P7: 
P8: 
P9: 
P10: 

Attached files:

These files may be available here:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportArchive\NonCritical_7.6.7600.256_8ebfb14fac2c77713b6c87068aa29afd573126f_07baf16f

Analysis symbol: 
Rechecking for solution: 0
Report Id: 903e8cff-f058-11e1-8458-902b343cd234
Report Status: 0

Driver Reference Table

Good info, your CPU cores are running too hot.
Are you using the Intel stock CPU cooler?
Check that the pins are inserted all the way and the cooler is tight.
You will likely need to take the CPU cooler off, clean the thermal paste off, re-apply new thermal paste and re-attach the CPU cooler.
Let us know if you have any questions.

The PSU voltages seem to be steady.
Need to confirm your CMOS battery voltage since the graph didn't show it.
You can D/L HWiNFO64 , click the 'Sensors' tab and scroll down to 'VBAT', post the voltage.

The CPU Vcore voltage is fluctuating too much, we'll come back to that if needed.

No new crash dumps in your last folder.

System Event Logs:
CPU is overheating.

Code:

Event[15487]:
  Log Name: System
  Source: Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-Power
  Date: 2012-09-06T13:41:54.523
  Event ID: 89
  Task: N/A
  Level: Information
  Opcode: Info
  Keyword: N/A
  User: S-1-5-18
  User Name: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
  Computer: Deadpool-PC
  Description: 
ACPI thermal zone ACPI\ThermalZone\TZ00 has been enumerated.              
_PSV = 0K            
_TC1 = 0             
_TC2 = 0             
_TSP = 0ms             
_AC0 = 353K             
_AC1 = 328K             
_AC2 = 273K             
_AC3 = 273K             
_AC4 = 273K             
_AC5 = 0K             
_AC6 = 0K             
_AC7 = 0K             
_AC8 = 0K             
_AC9 = 0K             
_CRT = 372K             
_HOT = 0K             
_PSL - see event data.

Event[15488]:
  Log Name: System
  Source: Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-Power
  Date: 2012-09-06T13:41:54.523
  Event ID: 89
  Task: N/A
  Level: Information
  Opcode: Info
  Keyword: N/A
  User: S-1-5-18
  User Name: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
  Computer: Deadpool-PC
  Description: 
ACPI thermal zone ACPI\ThermalZone\TZ01 has been enumerated.             
_PSV = 372K             
_TC1 = 1             
_TC2 = 5             
_TSP = 1000ms             
_AC0 = 0K             
_AC1 = 0K             
_AC2 = 0K             
_AC3 = 0K             
_AC4 = 0K             
_AC5 = 0K             
_AC6 = 0K             
_AC7 = 0K             
_AC8 = 0K             
_AC9 = 0K             
_CRT = 372K             
_HOT = 0K             
_PSL - see event data.