Hey Arc,
I gave your suggestions a shot.
Uninstalled the driver for my HD in device manager. Restarted into normal-boot and ran the ATI driver configuration. I saw that Intel's rapid storage still ran on startup. Just to be on the safe side since I only have one HD, I've disabled that. Was that a bad move?
Despite these two fixes, I'm still getting some semblance of the old issues. The HD does intermittent clicks when trying to work, as opposed to constantly making working sounds (sorry, I'm not entirely sure how to describe it. It's similar to someone trying to start up a car that won't take. Effort, pause, effort, pause, effort, pause.)
Strangely seems to be related to certain programs, getting aggravated hangs when Chrome or Steam start working heavily. It looked promising for a while, but the hangs are fully back now; though they don't end in crashes unless I queue up a bunch of demanding actions.
It took almost half an hour for the computer to recover from the clicks, pause-for-five-seconds, clicks, pause-for-five-seconds etc. thing my HD is doing.
During this time, even simple tasks take much longer; it took three full minutes to bring up the right click menu after right clicking on my computer. Three minutes of resource monitor showing "explorer.exe is not responding"
On other forums, I've found posts that mention very similar issues, none of which have been resolved. One post suggested there was an issue with my SATA/ATAPI drivers that I installed, and that I should use Windows 7's inbuilt drivers, as they're slower but more stable.
TL;DR - The problem still manifests after updating drivers and attempting to cancel intel rapid storage technology. The issue is still characterized by the HD making noises as though it were starting to work, then pausing for 5 seconds, and repeating these two steps until something happens and it either hangs and becomes unresponsive/crashes, or it miraculously starts working again.
After that brief period of elation I'm back to disappointment. Are there any other steps I should take to diagnose the issue? Thank's again.
EDIT:
Checked event viewer, there are two recent events that I hadn't seen before.
"The shadow copies of volume C: were aborted because of an IO failure on volume C:."
"The device, \Device\Ide\iaStor0, did not respond within the timeout period."
I assume the latter is because I've disabled intel rapid storage.
EDIT #2:
Just ran a SeaTools scan and it returned a FAIL.
I'm going to run the bootable version of the scan, and I'll check back once that's done, perhaps 7-8 hours.
EDIT #3:
Before I run the bootable scan, I saw another thread that recommended running CrystalDiskInfo then posting what comes up. I've done that, and I'll attach the image.
Attachment 239881