Sorry about the delay....
Here are some of the errors from the CBS log - the SFC details don't give the full story.
Code:
Line 1535: 2013-08-08 13:50:05, Error CSI 000000a3 (F) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND #1167028# from Windows::Rtl::SystemImplementation::DirectFileSystemProvider::SysCreateFile(flags = (AllowSharingViolation), handle = {provider=NULL, handle=0}, da = (SYNCHRONIZE|FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES), oa = @0x138c970->OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES {s:48; rd:NULL; on:[122]"\??\C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-comctl32-v5.resources_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_hu-hu_a8b2089d86ece2f0"; a:(OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE)}, iosb = @0x138c950, as = (null), fa = 0, sa = (FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE|FILE_SHARE_DELETE), cd = FILE_OPEN, co = (FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT|0x00004000), eab = NULL, eal = 0, disp = Invalid)
Line 1537: 2013-08-08 13:50:05, Error CSI 000000a4@2013/8/8:17:50:05.194 (F) d:\win7sp1_gdr\base\wcp\sil\merged\ntu\ntsystem.cpp(2057): Error STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND originated in function Windows::Rtl::SystemImplementation::DirectFileSystemProvider::SysCreateFile expression: (null)
Line 1539: 2013-08-08 13:50:05, Error CSI 000000a5 (F) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND #1167027# from Windows::Rtl::SystemImplementation::CDirectory::OpenExistingDirectory(...)[gle=0xd0000034]
Line 1540: 2013-08-08 13:50:05, Error CSI 000000a6 (F) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND #1167026# from Windows::Rtl::SystemImplementation::CDirectory_IRtlDirectoryTearoff::OpenExistingDirectory(flags = 0, da = (SYNCHRONIZE), oa = @0x138d268->SIL_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES {s:40; on:"amd64_microsoft-windows-comctl32-v5.resources_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_hu-hu_a8b2089d86ece2f0"; a:(OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE)}, sa = (FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE|FILE_SHARE_DELETE), oo = (FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE|FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT|FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT), dir = NULL, disp = Invalid)
Line 1542: 2013-08-08 13:50:05, Error CSI 000000a7 (F) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND #1167012# from PrimitiveInstaller::CCoordinator::RepairComponent(Component = Microsoft-Windows-Comctl32-v5.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"hu-HU", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral)[gle=0xd0000034]
Please download and save the CheckSUR tool from http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947821
(you'll need to look in the details for Windows 7, downloading from the Microsoft Download Center)
Run it - The tool can take anywhere from 5 mins to a couple of hours to run (or 'Install') depending on how much it has to do, and may exit silently - it may appear to freeze for most of that time, but be patient.
The result is logged in the C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CheckSUR.log file - and an archive …\checksur.persist.log file
Then zip the CheckSUR.log and upload it to your SkyDrive Public folder so I can take a look - post a link in your reply.