A
dumpfile is created when your Windows crashes producing a Blue Screen Of Death (BSOD). Wikipedia:
A dumpfile is an output file used to save detailed step-by-step results of a simulation run for analysis, re-simulation, or design verification.
A dumpfile or as it is often called
minidump helps analyzing why BSOD occured. It is stored in folder
%WinDir%\Minidump. Its name consists of date, an identifier and extension .dmp, syntax being
DDDDDD-IIIII-II.dmp (D = date, I = identifier).
A common reason why user does not find a minidump after BSOD is panic

; as soon as BSOD occurs, user rushes to power off the computer. You have to let BSOD process to finish collecting data and creating a dump. Indicator at the bottom has to reach 100% in order for a minidump to be created.
Attachment 143478
Kari