Max,
By default you can only change the Control Panel to either have small or large icons.
Control Panel View - Category or Icons
A workaround is to create a new folder somewhere, and create shortcuts (right click) of each Control Panel icon that you want. Place these new shortcuts into the new folder, then move the new folder where you like for easy use. For example, have the new folder
pinned to the taskbar to make it easy to open. This way you can adjust all of the icons size like you would any icon in Windows Explorer.