The problem is resolved, unfortunately I cannot say for sure if creating the second account fixed it.
Here's what happened:
After creating this thread, I disabled/re-enabled the fonts, as well as re-check marking the "Hide fonts based on language settings" under Font settings < Fonts (I unchecked this yesterday as one of my attempts to fix this issue), then I restarted the computer and it worked(as it should). The problem came back once I restarted, so I dismissed that setting, but didn't think to re-enable it.
Then I read your post, created a second account, and checked to see if the font worked in the new account AND my current account. It did, but then I remembered I used my disable/enable temp fix, so I restarted the computer and checked both accounts, it still worked. Then I shut down the computer for one minute and checked again, still worked. Then I deleted the new account and restarted the computer, and it still worked.
So either it was disabling "Hide fonts based on language settings", restarting, re-enabling it, and restarting again that fixed it, or creating the second account fixed it. I'm really stumped, I have no idea why creating a second account would fix it, and I can only guess that disabling/enabling the "Hide fonts based on..." box reset something. Either way, my problem was fixed somewhere in the process.
Sorry for making this complicated, I just don't want to say, "Yes, that fixed my problem!" when other variables were at play.
Thanks for you help
I'll post back if I run into a problem again. For all I know, and for whatever reason, maybe it's only working temporarily