My story seems very similar - I had E6400 running Win XP for about 8 months (it was shipped with Vista, but I did a clean install of XP) -- no issues with or without the docking station (dual monitors connected to 2 DVI ports)
In October I decided to upgrade to Win 7 and SSD drive. Everything was working great until I put laptop into the docking station: the same issues described above.
I stopped using the docking station which was a major inconvenience
A few weeks ago I started experiencing similar issues even when undocked. Contacted Microsoft and they had me do a few things to try to narrow it down. After analyzing one of the memory dumps they said it is related to the video
driver and had me uninstall it and go back to default
driver shipped with windows. That didn't seem to help, so I decided it is time for reinstall.
Over a weekend did a clean install of Win 7, all the latest
drivers, including BIOS A20 update. Got to the office Monday AM, plugged it into a docking station, spent a few minutes enjoying my 2 monitors, had to jump on a skype call and within 5 minutes had the same high cpu issue. I was able to put it into sleep, take out from dock and then start it again -- cpu issue seemed to go away.
The reason I am documenting all this is that I think it supports the fact that the issue is related to overheating.
Please provide an update if CPU replacement helped. Thank you