CPU and HDD failure in Windows 7

Hi,
I've been using win 7 ultimate (64bit) for almost week now. In that period I had one serious problem repeating 5 times if I'm not mistaken.

Message: The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume Data.

Volume Data is logical drive. Lots of personal data is stored there using WindowsXp.
As soon as I installed win 7 and tried to move some data from System partition to Data partition my PC started having these issues. I've run some diagnostic tools that win 7 offers and learned that Dirty Flag bit was raised on logical drive. I've run chkdsk utility along with checking bad sectors and problem was fixed but only for a day. Problem usually arises when I try storing data on that drive. Chkdisk fixes this but on very short period of time. PC is year old and in that period I have never experienced any kind of trouble with HDD.

I've done a little research on Event Viewer and found significant amount of errors surrounding previously mentioned error.

This message keeps repeating :
"
A fatal hardware error has occurred.

Reported by component: Processor Core
Error Source: Machine Check Exception
Error Type: Unknown Error
Processor ID: 2

The details view of this entry contains further information.
"
I have large amount of data stored on Data partition there for I'm not able to format that partition.

Details of my PC spec are listed in my profile.
If you have any thought on what might cause problems or know solution to it, please share.

Check your hard drive with a diagnostic tools.
Hard Drive Diagnostics Tools and Utilities (Storage) - TACKtech Corp.

I doubt that HDD is dying since problems started as soon as I installed win 7. Till week ago I used WindowsXp 32-bit version. System partition was formatted first - so it's clean install.
I used Data Lifeguard as you suggested and it was no success . At around 90% of quick scan progress stops and goes into infinitive.
I would gladly back up all my data but I'm broke student and I can't afford meself new HDD. I've purchased my PC in local PC shop, it's still under guarantee but they intervene only when components die completely and I would have to wait month at best to get my PC back.

There for I depend on your wise advices

There most likely isn't anything wrong with your HDD. Check the bios settings for your HDD interface.. enable SATA/AHCI modes if they're not selected. I've had similar problems solved in this manner, especially on systems I upgraded from XP

Check your hard drive cable to make sure its seated correctly. If you have a spare cable you might even want to swap it out just to make sure its not a bad data cable. I'd run the hard drive manufacturers diagnostic utility if you haven't already. I've had one pass the quick test but fail the detailed test. New or relatively new drives do fail, its unusual but it does happen. If the drive passes the diagnostics and you are still having problems I'd consider checking your ram with memtest or some other similar utility. Bad RAM can cause corrupt DATA to be saved to the hard drive.

As I previously posted, disk check was stuck at around 90% on 'quick test' and I found traces of CPU failure in event log, so corrupted data could be cause of all my headaches. Still I don't know how to deal with it.

I checked my IDE config in bios and it's set to "SATA MODE". I'm offered to chose between SATA, RAID and AHCI.
AHCI mode requires registry modify because AHCI drivers were disabled during installation. I'm not sure if it's good idea to play with registry

Reinstall with AHCI enabled and your problems will be solved

I've ran extensive test on my HDD last night and it passed without problems. Following MadTownIdot's advice combined with my little research, I managed to install AHCI drivers without re-installing OS(How to enable AHCI in Windows 7 RC after installation | Windows 7 | iThinkDifferent). I'll let you know in couple days if this solved my HDD problems .


Thank you all for assistance