What are you trying to do? (ex: burn a CD, a DVD)
Sometimes the media is bad. If you just opened a new brand of disks this could be the case. Sometimes one brand of optical drive has trouble with one brand of media. You test this by using another brand of media.
If you can rule out the media then you try the various Fixes from Microsoft.
Ex:
Your CD or DVD drive can't read or write media Your CD drive or DVD drive is missing or is not recognized by Windows or other programs
If the usual fixes do not work, and you have uninstalled and reinstalled as you have then it strongly indicates that one or more functions of the drive has died. Things like the lasers themselves can just blink out at any moment like a light bulb.
You can test another optical drive in your computer if you can borrow one, or just buy another drive.