Hi maxx102,
A few thoughts:
1. Are your USB ports working correctly? i.e. does a little old usb stick work fine?
2. Download the chipset
driver from the manufacturers website. e.g. go to Intel - put in your CPU name and download all
drivers.
This fixed the same issue for me on a clients PC last week.
3. Try different USB ports, preferably those in the back and directly on the motherboard. Try this with no other usb devices attached (i.e. do it one at a time) and reboot with the usb device plugged in. If you get it to read then open an elevated command prompt and run a CHKDSK [volume[[path]filename]]] /X /R (e.g.
CHKDSK D: /X /R). De-fragment the drive when complete, or even better get your data off it and reformat it, then put your data back on, this ensures that the partition tables are correct.
4. Check the wattage on your power supply to ensure that it is easily capable of running your system. There are many power supply wattage calculators on line.
5. Ensure that your motherboard is configured to run large drive sizes (not sure if you upgraded this or touched it between your upgrade, but just want to cover it).
6. On my netbook (which is XP but read on anyway), I need to power up one of my usb drives and wait about 10 seconds before I plug in it into the usb port. I've been too lazy to fix this, as the work around always works for me. If this works then run the CHKDSK as shown above and then de-fragment the drive or rebuild it as I instructed above.
Good luck!