If you want to use Windows own software, you would use the imaging capability found at control panels/backup and restore/create a system image.
You could use the hardware mentioned by Windows Star, or you could buy a "hard drive dock" such as these:
Newegg.com - hard drive dock
You connect the dock to your USB port and then stick your new drive into it.
You can't directly boot from a system image--you have to restore the image to a partition other than the one on which it sits.
I would make a fairly small (40 gigs?) partition on the new drive and then make an image of your original drive and store it on this new partition. Then restore from that image to another partition on the new drive. You could then delete the 40 gig partition if you wanted to.
Of course, I would test the new drive just to be sure the imaging worked.
Or you could try the "cloning" capability of your imaging program--not to be confused with imaging. Windows doesn't have a clone program, but Acronis will do it.
I use the Rosewill RX-DU 100 shown on the linked list.