Unknown issues, possible start up repair loop.

First time user here, desperately seeking help(right before work, that's smart T_T) Roughly four to five months ago my partner bought me a factory refurbished laptop to replace my old one that was slowly dying. It's a Toshiba Satellite C850 running Win7 home premium service pack 1 64bit. For ages it ran just fine. Then out of the blue it wouldn't boot normally. I could get it to run in safe mode but after trying system repair and restore it still wouldn't boot normally. So I backed up my files and formatted to out of box condition. This seemed to work for awhile. Then again with no warning I was unable to boot normally, I've forgotten how I fixed it that time but I remember it only worked provided I never switched it off. However after windows installed some updates I was forced to restart and the issue resurfaced. After fruitless attempts to fix it I ended up just formatting the damn thing again. It was running fine for roughly a month and now today it's having the same issue. It was running fine all night and there didn't appear to be any issues after shutting down.

I've booted in safe mode with networking to try and find some kind of solution to this issue without having to format again as it's getting to be tedious. I've been running Malwarebytes Pro and never encountered a virus before so I don't think that's the issue. When attempting to boot in normal mode start-up repair does load but just get's stuck in an endless loop, it doesn't say failed and it doesn't fix anything. So I thought it was a loop. However I've checked some other threads on that issue and so far nothing suggested has helped(again do not want to format my HDD as it would be the fifth time since buying it) Before I leave for work I'm posting this here in the hopes someone else might have an idea what I can do to restore my laptop to it's previous working condition without formatting the HDD. Although at this rate I'm wondering if the place my partner bought it from offered some kind of warranty(doubtful since it was refurbished).

I'll be honest and say I don't know much about HDD specs but what I managed to get is that I have an IDE Toshiba MQ01ABD050 500GB. I mostly use it for just web surfing but will play a few various Steam games as well. Nothing to large though.

The check disk option came up with nothing. The start up recovery option though successful once before seems to be failing me now. Looks like I will have to get a new HDD, however would I also need to download necessary drivers for the hardware on my laptop? Last time this issue happened I attempted to switch out the HDD for one my partners old laptop used and it booted fine but I couldn't connect to the internet or use the mouse pad because it didn't seem compatible with the hardware my laptop was using.

Is there some type of warranty on the laptop? Maybe a hardware issue and you can get the laptop replaced.

Well it was bought factory refurbished so I'm unsure, I will be looking into it though.

My laptop has put me through another fresh level of hell. Without knowing how I got it to boot normally. Switched it off before bed and turned it back on the following morning. Windows boots fine and everything appears to load but I cannot launch anything. I cannot run chrome or steam, not even clicking the start menu has any effect. All I can do is hover my mouse around. Booting into safe mode everything works fine. So what is going on?? I am completely lost, I contacted a specialist in laptop repairs via email. But after giving him an extensive walk through on what's wrong he hasn't contacted me since. Should I assume that this thing is more ****ed than I thought and buy a new laptop?