Protecting from PrintNightmare with workarounds

The first workaround is the best if you don't use printers at all, as it simply kills the vulnerable service.

The second option kills remote printing, you can print locally but not from other computers on the network. If you don't use it, it's a good option. The "group policy" is just eye candy for a bunch of registry values, which is available to any Windows edition, so you can also use it if you want. Look here for the details.
This will still pose a local vulnerability (a privilege elevation for all local programs), but no longer remote.

No idea about disabling "file and printer sharing". Most likely it'll disable the server service, but not the spooler. My guess is that it won't prevent the vulnerability.

Yet another option is to use a firewall to block the spooler.