One of things shown is the firewall is blocking access.
Probably not the problem but to be sure try turning your firewall off temporarily then try checking for updates.
At least we will know one way or the other on that scenario.
Once that probably won't work I'll post some other ideas.
I'll get some screen shots together and post them for you.
Mike
........................................................................................
Windows Update - Reset
This is a tutorial on how to reset Windows Update. Should reset to default settings.
Try this first or below first.
All the updates shown in the middle picture below will no longer appear in the list.
They are still on the computer but won't show here after using the reset.
New updates will be added here in the future.
.................................................................................................
If the above doesn't work then open Win Update page.
Click "View Update history" yellow marked in left picture below.
Middle picture click "Troubleshoot."
Right picture Click blue circled "Is there an easy way..."
Then click troubleshooter.
This opens a repair wizard.
Then follow prompts.
There are different listings to try so you may need to try this more than once to select different options.
Several people have used this with good results so it can work but not always.
Best I have for now.
Hope that helps and fixes things.