Problem with usb ports and kb2736422 update, error 800B0100

Simple answer is 'No' - there is physical damage to the drive, and this will only ever get worse.
It may happen very slowly, and be months before you notice another problem, but it WILL happen.
It may also happen very fast, and tomorrow the system will refuse to boot, because the drive has completely failed, or critical areas have been affected.

Like I say, you need to plan to replace the hard drive.

You have significant file damage already, caused by the damage to the drive - this damage could affect almost anything related to the files involved (I haven't looked at the details)

Have fun!!
Good luck with it.