I had this same issue, just not with these specific updates. It may be an uncommon situation, but I figure it might be useful to others (since this is one of the first results on search engines).

I had a load of Office updates that kept installing over and over. Make sure those updates actually apply to your system. One update was for InfoPath, which I know I didn't have. InfoPath only exists for Office Pro Plus, while I had Standard installed. It was referring to a previous installation of Pro Plus on the machine. I removed every instance of Pro Plus in the Registry, and Windows Update performed normally again. Inapplicable updates will not throw an error.

Otherwise, check C:\Windows\windowsupdate.log. Also try installing the updates manually. Installing one of the updates manually lead me to finding the solution. If anything, the log was misleading as it told me the following:

Success Content Install Installation Successful: Windows successfully installed the following update: Security Update for Microsoft InfoPath 2010 (KB2510065), 64-Bit Edition