Windows 7: Code 800B0100 : Windows Update encountered an unknown error

I've uploaded a file - i67a.bzip - to my OneDrive at Noel's OneDrive
Please download and save it.
Right-click on the downloaded file, and select Extract all…
Extract to the default location - which will create a new folderin the same place.
Open this folder - there should be one folder inside it (Packages)

Copy the content of the Packages folder to the folder
C:\Windows\Temp\CheckSur\Servicing\Packages

Now run the CheckSUR tool again (it may take a while)

Post the new CheckSUR.log file, and the CheckSUR.persist.log file.

There's no signs that you've rerun the CheckSUR tool? - although you have rn the SFC, that was not what was needed.
Please run the CheckSUR/SURT tool and post the new CheckSUR.log file.

Great!

Good luck.