Windows Update shield not showing up in notification Area......

That's fine -- exactly what it should show
It does make it puzzling as to why/how KB3006625 is forcing file renames at every boot, though

I'll have to have a think about it.

I was thinking of suggesting it - try this method...
Close all open windows.
Open an Elevated Command Prompt window, and type the following command

wusa /uninstall /kb:3006625

and hit the Enter key
Accept the warnings/confirmations, and wait for it to complete - reboot, and then see what happens.

Yes please - once installed reboot at least twice, then post the new CBS.log file (compressed, please!)

Great - the reinstall of KB3006625 seems to have done the trick - it's not appearing in the post-boot stuff any more.
CheckSUR and SFC are both clear.
The obvious bad news is the SP1 is still causing problems...

Code:

2015-08-23 01:20:21, Info                  CBS    EvaluateApplicability, package: Microsoft-Windows-EmbeddedSDP-wrapper~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~~6.1.7601.17514, Package applicability: Absent.
2015-08-23 01:20:21, Info                  CBS    Appl: Partial install Status testing, package: Package_for_KB976933~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~~6.1.7601.17514, partially installed (true/false), 0
2015-08-23 01:20:22, Info                  CBS    Failed to find package from aggreated XML string, package: Package_for_KB976933~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~fr-FR~6.1.7601.17514 [HRESULT = 0x80070490 - ERROR_NOT_FOUND]
2015-08-23 01:20:22, Info                  CBS    Failed to find package from deployment update [HRESULT = 0x80070490 - ERROR_NOT_FOUND]
2015-08-23 01:20:22, Error                 CBS    Failed to check whether package is partially installed, package: Windows7SP1-KB976933~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~~6.1.1.17514 [HRESULT = 0x80070490 - ERROR_NOT_FOUND]
2015-08-23 01:20:22, Info                  CBS    Failed to evaluate external applicability for package update: 976933-0_neutral_PACKAGE [HRESULT = 0x80070490 - ERROR_NOT_FOUND]
2015-08-23 01:20:22, Error                 CBS    Failed to call external evaluate applicability on package: Package_for_KB976932~31bf3856ad364e35~x86~~6.1.1.17514, Update: 976933-0_neutral_PACKAGE [HRESULT = 0x80070490 - ERROR_NOT_FOUND]

...and still the only known fix is a repair install