BSOD at random intervals arthr.sys?

Windows Update does not work "Because the service is not running"

This message after re-start. But. At least the Firewall is on and working now :) :)

Open Windows Update
Click on Change Settings
Select 'Never Update...'
Click OK
exit Windows Update
Now open Windows update again
Click on Change Settings
Select 'Update automatically'
Click OK
exit Windows Update
Open Windows Update, and do a manual Check for Updates.

Try the Windows Update instructions again - post the CBS and CheckSUR logs

Windows Update Posting Instructions

There is NO SPACE after the '/'
The proper command is
SFC /SCANNOW

Result: 'not a recognizable command'

in that case your system may be seriously hosed.

Please open an elevated Command Prompt, and run the following commands.

DIR C:\Windows\SFC*.* /S

it will take a minute or two - please post the full results.

Here are some instructions to make life easier :)
1) To open an Elevated Command Prompt Window (the ECP window), click on Start, All Programs, Accessories – then right-click on Command Prompt, and select Run as Administrator. Accept the UAC prompt.
2) To run the commands easier, highlight the block of commands, and right-click on the highlight – select Copy. In the CP Window, click on the black/white icon at top left – select Paste. The commands will run but may not complete the last command, so hit the Enter Key once.
3) To copy the results... click on the Black/White icon in the top left, and select Edit... 'Select All', and hit the Enter key - then use Ctrl+V or r-click+Paste to paste it into your response.