PC won't boot past first BIOS screen

Another method of draining power, not always necessary, is to just leave the jumper on pins 2-3 and let it sit for an hour or 2, or overnight.
The point is to clear the chip of all previous settings so the system will need to enumerate from scratch. For some reason the chip does not just clear easily sometimes.

- I haven't really seen any obvious damage on the mobo, is there anything I should look for specifically? I haven't seen any capacitors that were loose or anything like that

You could see if some capacitors looks like it wants to pop-out. that could determine that your mobo is really damaged.

TVeblen really have done a great job to walk you through all the troubleshooting. There is nothing i can add.