USB Power Surge/Device shocked me on touch

The static charge that was on the controller most likely traveled to the USB port on the computer. From there, it should have been sent to ground via ESD protection circuits* and the ground connection on the APC battery backup. Your APC unit might have a light or some other indicator to tell you that it is happy with the ground that it has from the wall outlet.

*rated to handle 8kv to 15kv - depending on the vendor.
...which is too low - IMO :-(

8kv rating from NXP (PDF)
15kv rating from TI (PDF)

So, to answer your question: "Could the controller of fed electricity back into my motherboard and damaged it? " Yes, it could have; despite the ESD protections built-in.

Thanks Username ISsues, so what kind of signs would I be looking for if I damaged my board? And if so could this lead to future damaged parts like my GPU or cpu?

Meaning the fact that Im using it and everything appears to be operating means Im probably in the clear?

There are no user level tests to determine if ESD has done damage to the motherboard. You can pay to x-ray each chip, but it would be cheaper to buy a dozen new computers.

Sounds like Im just being paranoid about this. Huh?

Your concern is normal/valid...
...but there is no cost effective way to know if damage has been done.

What kinds of things should I be on the lookout for then?

If the USB port that the controller was plugged into gets to where it will not recognize a variety of devices, then that is probably the result of this ESD event. If that starts happening, just use other USB ports.

I doubt that the damage would spread to things like the graphics card.