New
#11
As I told I haven't yet installed the Jan 2017 updates. So it as causing that problem is ruled out. And of course I keep updating the MS Securitiy Essentials. So that could be the only spoiler. I had guessed it to be even before you asked that question. :) (Apart from MSE I only have MBAM which in any case I hadn't updated during the last ten days.)
Just to check I went on to taskbar Properties > Customise. Windows Explorer - Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media. It is on 'Only show notifications" as ever since Windows was installed. Changed it to 'Show icon and notifications" and voila " Oh yes. You can safely remove your device" appeared. Hmmm... was I delighted? ya, briefly, :).But that was only for the first removal after the change. Next time I plugged in the USB device and tried to safely remove - No message.
Now what? As I said if I start troubleshooting every annoyance that Microsoft/Windows creates, I will be doing that only, whole life. So get going. Do not listen to anyone telling you to do this or that. You will just be wasting your time.