Oh, I see -- you're trying to use Win7's bcdboot to modify something on a Win10 system. I don't know what has been assigned S: in your command "bcdboot C:\Windows /s S:", but I wouldn't expect a 7 utility to be forward compatible with 10. I'd expect a 10 utility to be backward compatible with 7, but not the other way around.
And I was looking for a "copy boot info" setting when you were referring to the MBR. That's not boot info.
The MBR option is the same as what's covered by the "Fix Windows Boot Problems" function, illustrated in several places in
my video. It's the second of the four preselected checkboxes just before clicking "Finish" to execute the fix-it function.
Normally there's no need to rewrite the MBR. You might need to do that if the MBR had been corrupted by a boot sector virus, but otherwise it won't matter. As a general policy, there's usually no harm in rewriting the MBR, so you can leave the option selected if you wish.
IAC, your target is a GPT disk, and the MBR is ignored on a GPT disk, so it's irrelevant.
But here's the real problem: according to your screenshot in post #8, it looks like you're trying to clone or restore an MBR-installed Win7 to GPT. That won't work. I've discussed that starting at 14:45 in
my video.
You can copy 8 or 10 from MBR to GPT, or vice versa, and you can copy 7 from GPT to MBR, but you cannot copy 7 from MBR to GPT. It won't boot unless you somehow repair 7 to add some missing EFI-related files.
I don't see any point in using 7 with a GPT disk, so I don't know how to do that kind of repair. Your target disk is only 500 GB so, personally, I would have just done an MBR-style dual-boot.
But I know a lot of people seem to be obsessed with UEFI like it's some shiny new toy, so maybe they have some solutions on how to convert Win7 from Legacy/MBR to UEFI/GPT boot. Maybe using the 10 version of bcdboot against the 7 partition might work, but as I said, I've no experience with that. If you do try that, I would expect you'd probably have to do it from UEFI mode, not from a Legacy mode command prompt.