WLAN "Connected to Internet" but can't browse

I recently brought an unused Win7 PC home from work, and I am trying to get it connected wirelessly to my network. I plugged in a USB wireless adapter (which works in other PCs), and connected to the network. In the Sharing Center, it shows that it is connected to the internet, and I can ping websites successfully.

However, I can not browse the Internet or download Windows updates. Other wireless devices on the network have no issues, and everything works fine if I switch to a wired connection. I've tried switching between static and dynamic IPs, and manually set my router to allow the device (even though it says it automatically did so). I have even gone through BIOS settings to ensure nothing is interfering with WLAN connections.

I am running Windows update, as it is a fresh install, but I'm not hopeful that it will change anything as I have not required updates before when using this adapter in other PCs. Any pointers would be appreciated.

EDIT: Windows Update operation is not functioning whatsoever, even with an Ethernet connection.

EDIT2: TL;DR Unchecking "Automatically Detect Settings" in the LAN Settings corrected this issue.

To collect IP configuration information easily, do the following:

Open a Elevated Command Prompt:

XP, Vista or Windows 7:

Click on the Start button and type cmd.
DO NOT press Enter or click Go.
Look at the upper part of the window and you will see cmd.exe.
Right click on it and select Run as Administrator.

Windows 8 or 8.1:

Press WIN + X to open Start context menu.
Select Command Prompt (Admin)​.

Paste the following into the Command Prompt window, exactly as shown, including double quotes:

cmd /c "ipconfig /all > postme.txt & ping yahoo.com >> postme.txt & reg query "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings" >> postme.txt & notepad postme.txt & del postme.txt"

and press ENTER.

A file will open in Notepad. Please copy and paste the contents here. Close the Notepad window and the file will be deleted and the Command Prompt window will also close.


Also check to see if a Proxy has been setup and if so, remove it.


Open IE, click on Tools or the Gear icon at top right then Internet Connections.
Click on the Connections tab then the Lan Settings button.

Sorry for the delay, here is the output from that command, first with Ethernet, second with WLAN.

Ethernet:

Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : James-PC
Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : hitronhub.home
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hitronhub.home
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8168D/8111D Family PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC (NDIS 6.20)
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-27-0E-26-63-D2
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : fd00:bc4d:fb2c:a812:fdce:4b73:bbdd:4aa2(Preferred)
Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : fd00:bc4d:fb2c:a812:d66:35d4:422d:19fe(Preferred)
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::fdce:4b73:bbdd:4aa2%11(Preferred)
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.19(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Friday, May 22, 2015 5:34:20 PM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Friday, May 29, 2015 5:34:19 PM
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 234891022
DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-1C-F0-6A-83-00-27-0E-26-63-D2
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 64.59.184.13
64.59.190.242
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled
Tunnel adapter isatap.hitronhub.home:
Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hitronhub.home
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
Pinging yahoo.com [98.139.183.24] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=85ms TTL=50
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=73ms TTL=50
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=81ms TTL=50
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=82ms TTL=50
Ping statistics for 98.139.183.24:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 73ms, Maximum = 85ms, Average = 80ms
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings
IE5_UA_Backup_Flag REG_SZ 5.0
User Agent REG_SZ Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Win32)
EmailName REG_SZ User@
PrivDiscUiShown REG_DWORD 0x1
EnableHttp1_1 REG_DWORD 0x1
WarnOnIntranet REG_DWORD 0x1
MimeExclusionListForCache REG_SZ multipart/mixed multipart/x-mixed-replace multipart/x-byteranges
AutoConfigProxy REG_SZ wininet.dll
UseSchannelDirectly REG_BINARY 01000000
WarnOnPost REG_BINARY 01000000
UrlEncoding REG_DWORD 0x0
SecureProtocols REG_DWORD 0xa0
PrivacyAdvanced REG_DWORD 0x0
ZonesSecurityUpgrade REG_BINARY 9A0E6C644194D001
DisableCachingOfSSLPages REG_DWORD 0x0
WarnonZoneCrossing REG_DWORD 0x0
CertificateRevocation REG_DWORD 0x1
EnableNegotiate REG_DWORD 0x1
MigrateProxy REG_DWORD 0x1
ProxyEnable REG_DWORD 0x0
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\5.0
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\CACHE
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Connections
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Http Filters
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Lockdown_Zones
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\P3P
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Passport
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Wpad
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\ZoneMap
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Zones

WLAN:

Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : James-PC
Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : hitronhub.home
Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hitronhub.home
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8188CU Wireless LAN 802.11n USB 2.0 Network Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-02-72-C3-9B-2C
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : fd00:bc4d:fb2c:a812:746e:4649:d2:22ae(Preferred)
Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : fd00:bc4d:fb2c:a812:a570:8a65:8b5e:7ab4(Preferred)
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::746e:4649:d2:22ae%13(Preferred)
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.18(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Friday, May 22, 2015 5:36:13 PM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Friday, May 29, 2015 5:36:45 PM
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 301990514
DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-1C-F0-6A-83-00-27-0E-26-63-D2
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 64.59.184.13
64.59.190.242
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled
Tunnel adapter isatap.hitronhub.home:
Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hitronhub.home
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
Pinging yahoo.com [98.139.183.24] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=96ms TTL=50
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=89ms TTL=50
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=100ms TTL=50
Reply from 98.139.183.24: bytes=32 time=80ms TTL=50
Ping statistics for 98.139.183.24:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 80ms, Maximum = 100ms, Average = 91ms
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings
IE5_UA_Backup_Flag REG_SZ 5.0
User Agent REG_SZ Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Win32)
EmailName REG_SZ User@
PrivDiscUiShown REG_DWORD 0x1
EnableHttp1_1 REG_DWORD 0x1
WarnOnIntranet REG_DWORD 0x1
MimeExclusionListForCache REG_SZ multipart/mixed multipart/x-mixed-replace multipart/x-byteranges
AutoConfigProxy REG_SZ wininet.dll
UseSchannelDirectly REG_BINARY 01000000
WarnOnPost REG_BINARY 01000000
UrlEncoding REG_DWORD 0x0
SecureProtocols REG_DWORD 0xa0
PrivacyAdvanced REG_DWORD 0x0
ZonesSecurityUpgrade REG_BINARY 9A0E6C644194D001
DisableCachingOfSSLPages REG_DWORD 0x0
WarnonZoneCrossing REG_DWORD 0x0
CertificateRevocation REG_DWORD 0x1
EnableNegotiate REG_DWORD 0x1
MigrateProxy REG_DWORD 0x1
ProxyEnable REG_DWORD 0x0
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\5.0
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\CACHE
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Connections
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Http Filters
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Lockdown_Zones
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\P3P
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Passport
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Wpad
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\ZoneMap
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Zones

EDIT: Attempted Windows Update again, it is now working, will update this post if WLAN is functioning correctly after updates have been installed.

Both Ethernet and Wireless are working as both have a good IP and can ping yahoo.com.

Have you tried a different browser, like Firefox?

Did you check the proxy setting as I mentioned?

There is no proxy set, and I have tried IE and Firefox.

EDIT: I just installed Steam, which is fully functional with the Ethernet connection. WLAN, however, can connect to the network and log in, but gives loading errors when attempting to browse the store.

EDIT2: Windows update finally completed, no improvement.

EDIT3: Not sure at which point this started happening, as I didn't specifically test it, but Google search works, including images and videos (thumbnails display, but I can not visit associated pages), in Chrome only. Maps and translate do not work, and none of these load in IE.

Strange, but if it works, who cares.

Follow my directions in post #2 please.