Have you tried pressing <ESC> or one of the F keys as you boot to enter menus?
On my desktop <F8> enters screen to choose safe mode, safe mode with networking, etc., and the one you should try: Start Computer with last known good configuration (advanced).
I had to boot and repeatedly press <F8> about every 1 second, to get to that screen. Sometimes my machine goes straight to loading windows and I have to try the process again.
I had this exact problem and error message, and it took me a couple of weeks to figure out what was causing it. In my case, it was the Avast (free version) AV I was using on my Win7 Pro box. Somehow, even when completely disabled, Avast is locking something on the disk that prevents boot time chkdsk from running.
Before any attempt to fix it, I cloned the drive to an external drive, just in case something died.
What did fix it was completely uninstalling Avast, and making sure all remaining Avast files were deleted, as uninstall leaves a service behind called "Overseer". That's located in c:\Program Files\Common Files\Avast Software\, and I just deleted the Avast Software folder to remove.
Once the Avast gremlin was removed, boot time chkdsk worked fine.
This appears to have been caused by the latest version update of Avast, as I've been using it for years. Now that it's gone, I've install good ol MS Security Essentials.
Al McCann in Cape May, NJ
Thank you, gemhunter
I did a bit searching on my own.
The most recent on the Avast forum as of this evening is
Impossible to execute Autochk on disc C: - error (766f6c756d652e63 3f1)
It says 'be patient, it is hard work to sort this out.'
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