"Select A Folder" window BLANK when installing

I'm honestly not sure how to word this correctly with the right terms or what topic this should be under, but I'll give it my best effort.

So I noticed a few weeks back that when I tried to install the game 'Warframe,' that when I ran the installer, the "Select a Folder" box/window was just completely blank:

Short video showing what happened:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fJV...ature=youtu.be

And if the video didn't work:

[spoiler]
Opening the installer >


Pressing "Run" >


Pressing "OK" >

[/spoiler]

Basically, that was my problem at first. Then I realized, whenever I tried to import a picture to my online photo editor (Online Photo Editor | Pixlr Editor | Autodesk Pixlr) I didn't have the folder shortcuts on the left. And the same went for when I had to choose where to download a specific file.

So right away I understood that this really was not an installation problem with Warframe as I had thought immediately, but a problem or a corruption in my Windows files. I don't know how to fix it, if someone could please help and reply, that would be great. My PC specs should be under my profile, I'm not sure, this is my first time posting. I've searched the internet and used my decent Google skills, but no related topic had shown up, so I'm guessing either this is a rare problem, or I'm using incorrect terminology when Googling.

And another thing possibly noteworthy, this PC is a custom build my dad gave to me for the holidays two years ago and it's undergone many changes. But from the first installation of Windows 7 it was already corrupted as there was no option to create a folder under [*Right Click*>New]. And about November last year, he came over and somehow fixed the corrupted files (I have no idea how, I was out at the time running errands.) and I finally had the option to create new folders when right clicking. But as it is only March right now, he isn't here, so what should I do to fix this?

At first I posted this thread as a Warframe bug on their forums here: https://forums.warframe.com/index.ph.../#entry4482288
If that brings anymore context to the problem. Yet I believe the two threads are about the same with this one obviously knowing it's a Windows 7 corruption and not a Warframe bug.