Windows Firewall Control Plus will do all of this. Even the free version will seek your permission to connect every time. Just click 'Apply Once' instead of 'Apply' when the Zone Window appears (asking for your permission). Clicking 'Apply' will allow trusted programs to access at will. A Log Balloon will appear when a permissioned program, app, system file accesses the internet, unless you tell it not to (for all or for specific ones).
The Plus version will allow you to create 'Zones' to block specific IPs, IP address ranges and domains. Online manual is
here.
And, from your previous post, I assume you know that W10FC is not a Microsoft program.
Online manual is
here.
But honestly, what you are asking for can be done with the (Microsoft) Advanced Firewall bundled with Windows (with the exception of asking permission to connect). In fact, W10FC is a front-end for the bundled firewall.
You access the advanced settings via Control Panel\Windows Firewall. The left pane has a link for 'Advanced Settings'. There, you can edit or create inbound
and outbound rules that you can apply to private, public or even corporate networks. The (Microsoft) firewall is actually pretty extensive and will allow you to do everything you're asking, but you have to create the rules, which can add up to a lot of time. You could easily find guides using Google (or DuckDuckGo, the search engine I prefer).
It would be easier to give W10FC a try. The plus version is only $30. Read
the manual and you should be able to do all you want.
And, since you're security conscious, I suggest using Firefox (or perhaps you already are). There are many add-ons that will increase your security further. One add-on that's a must is NoScript, which allows you to block scripts from whatever website or domain you wish. Or you can allow (Trust) it, or you can choose to 'allow' it or not on demand.
There are learning curves to these (FW & NoScript), but since you seem to know what you want and are determined, it shouldn't be a problem.
You can search for NoScript in FireFox add-ons. Here's a
basic guide on what it does and its use.