You have a number of problems.
The essential problem is a corrupt SXS store....
Code:
Line 1123: 2013-04-03 22:53:06, Error CSI 0000000d (F) Unable to load manifest for component [ml:280{140},l:170{85}]"amd64_microsoft-windows-synceng_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7601.22119_none_1b1ccd926d92291f"[gle=0x80004005]
Line 1124: 2013-04-03 22:53:06, Error CSI 0000000e@2013/4/4:02:53:06.932 (F) d:\win7sp1_gdr\base\wcp\componentstore\storelayout.cpp(2714): Store corruption detected in function ComponentStore::CRawStoreLayout::FetchManifestContent expression: 0
Line 1126: 2013-04-03 22:53:07, Error CSI 0000000f (F) HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(14098) #576# from Windows::ServicingAPI::CCSITransactionAnalysis_ICSIInventory::GetDeploymentInformation(flags = 0, class = ICSIINVENTORY_GET_DEPLOYMENT_INFORMATION_CLASS_CLOSURE (1), information = {dwFlags=00000000})
Line 1138: 2013-04-03 22:53:07, Error CBS Failed to process single phase execution. [HRESULT = 0x80073712 - ERROR_SXS_COMPONENT_STORE_CORRUPT]
Line 1276: 2013-04-03 22:53:37, Error CSI 00000014 (F) Unable to load manifest for component [ml:280{140},l:144{72}]"amd64_netfx-system_b03f5f7f11d50a3a_6.1.7601.17952_none_bf33cb67fdcbe468"[gle=0x80004005]
Line 1277: 2013-04-03 22:53:37, Error CSI 00000015@2013/4/4:02:53:37.296 (F) d:\win7sp1_gdr\base\wcp\componentstore\storelayout.cpp(2714): Store corruption detected in function ComponentStore::CRawStoreLayout::FetchManifestContent expression: 0
Line 1279: 2013-04-03 22:53:37, Error CSI 00000016 (F) HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(14098) #2211# from Windows::ServicingAPI::CCSITransactionAnalysis_ICSIInventory::GetDeploymentInformation(flags = 0, class = ICSIINVENTORY_GET_DEPLOYMENT_INFORMATION_CLASS_CLOSURE (1), information = {dwFlags=00000000})
Line 1291: 2013-04-03 22:53:37, Error CBS Failed to process single phase execution. [HRESULT = 0x80073712 - ERROR_SXS_COMPONENT_STORE_CORRUPT]
Line 1579: 2013-04-03 22:53:48, Error CSI 0000001b (F) Unable to load manifest for component [ml:280{140},l:196{98}]"amd64_microsoft-windows-netcorehelperclasses_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7601.17964_none_40183b629449ca7e"[gle=0x80004005]
Line 1580: 2013-04-03 22:53:48, Error CSI 0000001c@2013/4/4:02:53:48.277 (F) d:\win7sp1_gdr\base\wcp\componentstore\storelayout.cpp(2714): Store corruption detected in function ComponentStore::CRawStoreLayout::FetchManifestContent expression: 0
Line 1582: 2013-04-03 22:53:48, Error CSI 0000001d (F) HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(14098) #7127# from Windows::ServicingAPI::CCSITransactionAnalysis_ICSIInventory::GetDeploymentInformation(flags = 0, class = ICSIINVENTORY_GET_DEPLOYMENT_INFORMATION_CLASS_CLOSURE (1), information = {dwFlags=00000000})
Line 1594: 2013-04-03 22:53:48, Error CBS Failed to process single phase execution. [HRESULT = 0x80073712 - ERROR_SXS_COMPONENT_STORE_CORRUPT]
Your CheckSUR report appears to be incomplete - did the tool give an error message?
Please run the CheckSUR tool again and wait for it to exit, then post the new CheckSUR.log and CheckSUR.persist.log files.
The tool may be able to correct at least some of the corruption present.