Code:
2013-03-29 16:02:45, Info CSI 00000092 Performing 1 operations; 1 are not lock/unlock and follow:
Stage (1): flags: 8 app: [Microsoft-Windows-ImageBasedSetup-IE-Base-Deployment-Downlevel-LanguagePack, Version = 6.2.9200.16521, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral]) comp: (null) man: @0x1a29568
2013-03-29 16:02:45, Info CBS Exec: Resolving Package: Package_1_for_KB2722913~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~9.4.1.0, Update: 2722913-1_neutral_LDR
2013-03-29 16:02:45, Info CBS Exec: Resolving Package: Package_1_for_KB2722913~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~9.4.1.0, Update: 2722913-1_neutral_LDR, PinDeployment: amd64_e1fc75669929c04a713c50a1abffa6a2_31bf3856ad364e35_9.4.8112.20554_none_567fab582b0bb90e
2013-03-29 16:02:45, Error CSI 00000093@2013/3/29:20:02:45.975 (F) d:\win7sp1_gdr\base\wcp\componentstore\csd_locking.cpp(324): Error STATUS_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING originated in function CCSDirectTransaction::LockComponent expression: (null)
[gle=0x80004005]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Error CSI 00000094 (F) STATUS_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING #329457# from CCSDirectTransaction::OperateEnding at index 0 of 1 operations, disposition 2[gle=0xd015000c]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Error CSI 00000095 (F) HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING) #329342# from Windows::ServicingAPI::CCSITransaction::ICSITransaction_PinDeployment(Flags = 0, a = e1fc75669929c04a713c50a1abffa6a2, Version = 9.4.8112.20554, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral, cb = (null), s = (null), rid = [77]"Package_1_for_KB2722913~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~9.4.1.0.2722913-1_neutral_LDR", rah = [1]"3", manpath = (null), catpath = (null), ed = 0, disp = 0)[gle=0x80073701]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS Failed to pin deployment while resolving Update: 2722913-1_neutral_LDR from file: (null) [HRESULT = 0x80073701 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS Failed to resolve item[0] in Package: Package_1_for_KB2722913~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~9.4.1.0, Update: 2722913-1_neutral_LDR [HRESULT = 0x80073701 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS Failed to resolve execution update. [HRESULT = 0x80073701 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Error CBS Failed to resolve execution package: Package_1_for_KB2722913~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~9.4.1.0 [HRESULT = 0x80073701 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CSI 00000096@2013/3/29:20:02:46.209 CSI Transaction @0x3b62140 destroyed
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS Perf: Resolve chain complete.
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS Failed to resolve execution chain. [HRESULT = 0x80073701 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Error CBS Failed to process single phase execution. [HRESULT = 0x80073701 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_MISSING]
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS WER: Generating failure report for package: Microsoft-Windows-InternetExplorer-Package-TopLevel~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~10.2.9200.16521, status: 0x80073701, failure source: Resolve, start state: Absent, target state: Installed, client id: DISM Package Manager Provider
2013-03-29 16:02:46, Info CBS Failed to query DisableWerReporting flag. Assuming not set... [HRESULT = 0x80070002 - ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND]
This failure matches the error code and time in the IE10 log files, so I'm inclined to believe it's failing to update from IE9 to IE10 due to an error in the IE9 SxS files, not the IE10 installation package.