Windows won't update (KB2862152) after system restore.

This started about two weeks ago when I noticed my computer was occasionally shutting down for no apparent reason. I suspected that it was faulty Nvidia drivers because I've had problems with them before. I restored the system to before the problems occurred and then Windows just kept failing to start up. I eventually figured out that the restore messed with the Nvidia drivers (plus an unrelated minor driver to add to the confusion) and that prevented Windows from starting up normally. After a clean reinstall of Nvidia software didn't fix the problem, I noticed that Windows wouldn't update ('Failure configuring windows update') so I set out to eliminate that problem. I ran SURT and an sfc scan which only made the problem worse by making Windows inconsistently genuine

I'm not in much of a hurry, since I can just start it up without the Nvidia drivers but I'd like to be able to play my games again, so if someone can help me get my updates working and fix the ungenuine problem (it's genuine when I start it up but it will randomly become ungenuine) I can get some solid ground to fix the Nvidia drivers and post in the driver forums if I have to.

I'm trying to upload the CBS.zip file but I'm getting internal server errors, so bear with me if you need it.

Turned out that the file was too large. I omitted the oldest .cab from the .zip file but I still have it if it's needed.

Currently at stage 4 of CHKDSK (sent from my phone).

It has done some sort of a cleanup, but no serious issues it seems:

Code:

Checking file system on C:
The type of the file system is NTFS.

A disk check has been scheduled.
Windows will now check the disk.                         

CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 5)...
  350720 file records processed.                                          File verification completed.
  1729 large file records processed.                                      0 bad file records processed.                                        0 EA records processed.                                              60 reparse records processed.                                       CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 5)...
  427240 index entries processed.                                         Index verification completed.
  0 unindexed files scanned.                                           0 unindexed files recovered.                                       CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 5)...
  350720 file SDs/SIDs processed.                                         Cleaning up 3908 unused index entries from index $SII of file 0x9.
Cleaning up 3908 unused index entries from index $SDH of file 0x9.
Cleaning up 3908 unused security descriptors.
Security descriptor verification completed.
  38261 data files processed.                                            CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal...
  34836056 USN bytes processed.                                             Usn Journal verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying file data (stage 4 of 5)...
  350704 files processed.                                                 File data verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying free space (stage 5 of 5)...
  25969197 free clusters processed.                                         Free space verification is complete.
CHKDSK discovered free space marked as allocated in the
master file table (MFT) bitmap.
CHKDSK discovered free space marked as allocated in the volume bitmap.
Windows has made corrections to the file system.

 312466431 KB total disk space.
 207964920 KB in 304355 files.
    160356 KB in 38262 indexes.
         0 KB in bad sectors.
    464363 KB in use by the system.
     65536 KB occupied by the log file.
 103876792 KB available on disk.

      4096 bytes in each allocation unit.
  78116607 total allocation units on disk.
  25969198 allocation units available on disk.

Internal Info:
00 5a 05 00 64 3a 05 00 b6 63 09 00 00 00 00 00  .Z..d:...c......
04 97 00 00 3c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ....<...........
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................

Windows has finished checking your disk.
Please wait while your computer restarts.

I'll see if it has fixed the problem after this is posted.

Nope, still won't update.

Same error code (C0000022). Before it shuts down it stops at 30%, reboots, stops at 67%, gives the failure message, reboots and finally gives the message again.

I have a very long windowsupdate.log attached and thank you for the help so far.