The CheckSUR log is clear - as is the SFC scan - but there are a number of problems showing in the background CBS data...
Code:
2015-01-30 00:51:10, Info CBS Appl: detect Parent, Package: WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-CoreComp~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~fr-FR~7.6.7600.256, disposition state from detectParent: Installed
2015-01-30 00:51:10, Info CBS Appl: Evaluating package applicability for package WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-CoreComp~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~fr-FR~7.6.7600.256, applicable state: Installed
2015-01-30 00:51:10, Info CBS Plan: Package: WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-CoreComp~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~fr-FR~7.6.7600.256, current: Staged, pending: Default, start: Staged, applicable: Installed, targeted: Staged, limit: Staged
2015-01-30 00:51:10, Error CSI 00000011@2015/1/30:00:51:10.952 (F) d:\win7sp1_gdr\base\wcp\componentstore\csd_core.cpp(616): Error STATUS_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND originated in function CCSDirect::GetDeploymentClosureStatus expression: (null)
[gle=0x80004005]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Error CSI 00000012 (F) HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND) #250642# from Windows::ServicingAPI::CCSITransactionAnalysis_ICSIInventory::GetDeploymentInformation(flags = 0, class = ICSIINVENTORY_GET_DEPLOYMENT_INFORMATION_CLASS_CLOSURE (1), information = {dwFlags=00000000})
[gle=0x800736b3]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to call GetDeploymentInformation on deployment: amd64_microsoft-windows-w..oyment-languagepack_31bf3856ad364e35_7.6.7600.256_fr-fr_96f45692929e1c98 [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to get component state. [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to get current state of the deployment [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to get Transaction State for package: WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-CoreComp~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~fr-FR~7.6.7600.256, update: Core [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to get current state. [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to populate updates for package: WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-CoreComp~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~fr-FR~7.6.7600.256 [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to add package: WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-CoreComp~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~fr-FR~7.6.7600.256 [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to process package watchlist. [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS Failed to prepare starting packages [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Error CBS Failed to process single phase execution. [HRESULT = 0x800736b3 - ERROR_SXS_ASSEMBLY_NOT_FOUND]
2015-01-30 00:51:19, Info CBS WER: Generating failure report for package: WUClient-SelfUpdate-Core-TopLevel~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~7.6.7600.320, status: 0x800736b3, failure source: CBS Other, start state: Absent, target state: Staged, client id: WindowsUpdateAgent
Let's see if installing the update from the standalone version works for you...
http://download.windowsupdate.com/wi...nt-7.6-x64.exe
download and save it, then run it.
What happens?