Windows 7 Update Fail, Error 80073712

This seems to be the critical error - a lot of the later ones are either similar or derivative.
I would suggest a full reset of Windows Update as first action

Code:

2015-03-16 19:32:43:054 1260 9bc DnldMgr   * BITS job initialized, JobId = {643D42F4-280C-42F2-AAF3-CDF3C9836702}
2015-03-16 19:32:43:093 1260 9bc DnldMgr FATAL: DM:CBitsJob::AddFile: AddFile failed with 0x8007010b.
2015-03-16 19:32:43:132 1260 9bc DnldMgr FATAL: DM:CAgentDownloadManager::DownloadUpdate: pDownloadJob->Init failed with 0x8007010b.

Windows Update - Reset

Once complete, do a new Check for updates and then attempt to install only the oldest found update - what happens?

Update: I've been able to install windows 8 Pro on an external HD partition (used Partition Assistant Windows to go feature). I tried to run chkdsk for my internal drive and success! It looks like it's going to take lots of time.

Will update soon, I'm expecting chkdsk to detect corruptions and fix them, then trying to update/back-up windows 7 should be working just fine.

Thanks a lot in advance, Laith & NoelDP, for your replies.

Edit: The results for chkdsk:

Code:

E:\>chkdsk /f E:
The type of the file system is NTFS.
Cannot lock current drive.

Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another
process.  Chkdsk may run if this volume is dismounted first.
ALL OPENED HANDLES TO THIS VOLUME WOULD THEN BE INVALID.
Would you like to force a dismount on this volume? (Y/N) Y
Volume dismounted.  All opened handles to this volume are now invalid.
Volume label is Windows7_OS.

CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 3)...
  827904 file records processed.
File verification completed.
  2533 large file records processed.
  0 bad file records processed.

CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 3)...
  1036024 index entries processed.
Index verification completed.
  0 unindexed files scanned.
  0 unindexed files recovered.

CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 3)...
Repairing the security file record segment.
Security descriptor verification completed.
  104061 data files processed.
CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal...
Usn Journal verification completed.

Windows has made corrections to the file system.
No further action is required.

 440993791 KB total disk space.
 408398536 KB in 719776 files.
    342592 KB in 104062 indexes.
         8 KB in bad sectors.
    908775 KB in use by the system.
     65536 KB occupied by the log file.
  31343880 KB available on disk.

      4096 bytes in each allocation unit.
 110248447 total allocation units on disk.
   7835970 allocation units available on disk.

E:\>

The fact that the earlier CHKDSK showed bad sectors tends to indicate that the disk may be failing.
I would back it up before attempting anything else!

NoelDP said:

The fact that the earlier CHKDSK showed bad sectors tends to indicate that the disk may be failing.
I would back it up before attempting anything else!

I tried, but the backup failed to backup some files. Is there anything I can do? Should I just copy and paste? any recommended tools?



Edit:

Code:

C:\Windows\system32>E:

E:\>chkdsk /f/r E:
The type of the file system is NTFS.
Cannot lock current drive.

Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another
process.  Chkdsk may run if this volume is dismounted first.
ALL OPENED HANDLES TO THIS VOLUME WOULD THEN BE INVALID.
Would you like to force a dismount on this volume? (Y/N) Y
Volume dismounted.  All opened handles to this volume are now invalid.
Volume label is Windows7_OS.

CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 5)...
  829184 file records processed.
File verification completed.
  2533 large file records processed.
  0 bad file records processed.

CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 5)...
  1037944 index entries processed.
Index verification completed.
  0 unindexed files scanned.
  0 unindexed files recovered.

CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 5)...
Security descriptor verification completed.
  104381 data files processed.
CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal...
  42990480 USN bytes processed.
Usn Journal verification completed.

CHKDSK is verifying file data (stage 4 of 5)...
34 percent complete. (360672 of 829168 files processed)
Windows replaced bad clusters in file 360718
of name \PROGRA~1\MATLAB\R2013a\toolbox\aero\aero\EPHMOO~3.MAT.
37 percent complete. (742186 of 829168 files processed)
Windows replaced bad clusters in file 742209
of name \SysPart\Default\Windows\INSTAL~1\28234b24.msp.
37 percent complete. (775510 of 829168 files processed)
Windows replaced bad clusters in file 775533
of name \SysPart\Default\Windows\SysWOW64\igdumd32.dll.
  829168 files processed.
File data verification completed.

CHKDSK is verifying free space (stage 5 of 5)...
  8294128 free clusters processed.
Free space verification is complete.
Adding 4 bad clusters to the Bad Clusters File.
CHKDSK discovered free space marked as allocated in the
master file table (MFT) bitmap.
Correcting errors in the Volume Bitmap.

Windows has made corrections to the file system.
No further action is required.

 440993791 KB total disk space.
 406563400 KB in 722194 files.
    343780 KB in 104382 indexes.
        24 KB in bad sectors.
    910071 KB in use by the system.
     65536 KB occupied by the log file.
  33176516 KB available on disk.

      4096 bytes in each allocation unit.
 110248447 total allocation units on disk.
   8294129 allocation units available on disk.

E:\>

Edit 2:

The number of bad sectors has increased from 2 to 6 - you definitely need to get your data safe, whatever else you do!

It may be that the files that failed were the ones affected by the bad sectors - or the sectors could form part of the MFT (which would be BAD news!)

Get that data copied now.