Update Error Code 80073712

Please open an Elevated Command Prompt, and run the following commands...

Code:

 
REG LOAD HKLM\COMPONENTS C:\Windows\System32\config\COMPONENTS
REG QUERY HKLM\COMPONENTS\DerivedData\Components\amd64_microsoft.vc80.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.5592_none_8448f49f328da8c3 
REG QUERY HKLM\COMPONENTS\DerivedData\VersionedIndex\6.1.7601.17592 (win7sp1_gdr.110408-1631)\ComponentFamilies\amd64_microsoft.vc80.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.5592_none_8448f49f328da8c3
REG QUERY HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SideBySide\Winners\amd64_microsoft.vc80.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.5592_none_8448f49f328da8c3
REG UNLOAD HKLM\COMPONENTS 
.

Post the results.

Here are some instructions to make life easier :)
1) To open an Elevated Command Prompt Window (the ECP window), click on Start, All Programs, Accessories – then right-click on Command Prompt, and select Run as Administrator. Accept the UAC prompt.
2) To run the commands easier, highlight the block of commands, and right-click on the highlight – select Copy. In the CP Window, click on the black/white icon at top left – select Paste. The commands will run but may not complete the last command, so hit the Enter Key once.
3) To copy the results... click on the Black/White icon in the top left, and select Edit... 'Select All', and hit the Enter key - then use Ctrl+V or r-click+Paste to paste it into your response.

Odd that it requires the quote-enclosure, but that must be because of the version formatting.

Anyhow, let's if we can delete the relevant entries.

OPen an Elevated Command Prompt, and run the following commands

Code:

 
 
REG LOAD HKLM\COMPONENTS
REG DELETE  HKLM\COMPONENTS\DerivedData\Components\amd64_microsoft.vc80.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.5592_none_8448f49f328da8c3 /va
REG DELETE  HKLM\COMPONENTS\DerivedData\Components\amd64_microsoft.vc80.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.5592_none_8448f49f328da8c3
 
.

Then run CheckSUR again, and post the new CheckSUR.log file - with luck that will have gotten rid of at least one error!

Duh! yes :)
Here's the CheckSUR summary...

Summary:
Seconds executed: 388
Found 7 errors
Fixed 7 errors
CSI Missing Component Key Total count: 1
Fixed: CSI Missing Component Key. Total count: 1
CSI Missing Identity Total count: 1
Fixed: CSI Missing Identity. Total count: 1
CSI Missing C Mark Total count: 1
Fixed: CSI Missing C Mark. Total count: 1
CSI F Mark Missing Total count: 4
Fixed: CSI F Mark Missing. Total count: 4

...so that's looking good, at least!

Unfortunately there are no clues in the CBS.log as to why SFC is failing

Let's have a look at the Event logs...

Open Event Viewer
click on the Windows logs entry in the left pane to expand it.
Now click on the Application entry - wait while it loads.
Click on 'File' in the menu bar and select Save...
Save the file as Appevt.evtx
Repeat for the System log
then zip both, and upload them.

Hmm -looks like you have some permissions problems.

Please open an Elevated Command Prompt, and run the following commands...

ICACLS C:\Windows
ICACLS C:\Windows\System32
ICACLS C:\Windows\System32\winevt
ICACLS C:\Windows\System32\winevt\logs


Post the results.

Here are some instructions to make life easier :)
1) To open an Elevated Command Prompt Window (the ECP window), click on Start, All Programs, Accessories – then right-click on Command Prompt, and select Run as Administrator. Accept the UAC prompt.
2) To run the commands easier, highlight the block of commands, and right-click on the highlight – select Copy. In the CP Window, click on the black/white icon at top left – select Paste. The commands will run but may not complete the last command, so hit the Enter Key once.
3) To copy the results... click on the Black/White icon in the top left, and select Edit... 'Select All', and hit the Enter key - then use Ctrl+V or r-click+Paste to paste it into your response.

There's an error in the Apps log which appears to be caused by permissions issues -
Log Name: Application
Source: Microsoft-Windows-CAPI2
Date: 01/05/2015 23:56:53
Event ID: 513
Task Category: None
Level: Error
Keywords: Classic
User: N/A
Computer: DmitriyDiana-HP
Description:
Cryptographic Services failed while processing the OnIdentity() call in the System Writer Object.
Details:
AddCoreCsiFiles : GetNextFileMapContent() failed.
System Error:
The parameter is incorrect.
.
Event Xml:
<Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
<System>
<Provider Name="Microsoft-Windows-CAPI2" Guid="{5bbca4a8-b209-48dc-a8c7-b23d3e5216fb}" EventSourceName="Microsoft-Windows-CAPI2" />
<EventID Qualifiers="0">513</EventID>
<Version>0</Version>
<Level>2</Level>
<Task>0</Task>
<Opcode>0</Opcode>
<Keywords>0x8080000000000000</Keywords>
<TimeCreated SystemTime="2015-05-01T22:56:53.206402100Z" />
<EventRecordID>105482</EventRecordID>
<Correlation />
<Execution ProcessID="1496" ThreadID="2756" />
<Channel>Application</Channel>
<Computer>DmitriyDiana-HP</Computer>
<Security />
</System>
<EventData>
<Data>
Details:
AddCoreCsiFiles : GetNextFileMapContent() failed.
System Error:
The parameter is incorrect.
</Data>
</EventData>
</Event>

However, more serious is an error in the System log, which shows that your HD has at least one bad block.
You should back up your data to external media, and then run CHKDSK C: /R and see what that results in.