CBS MUM Corrupt 0x800F0900/0x800B0100 and Windows Update Errors

Greetings, I have the following issue with my current OS:
Windows 7 Pro x64 bit with Service Pack 1

I've been trying to update IE8 to the latest version of IE11, so I thought I'd just download it straight from the Microsoft website. However, that hasn't succeeded even though the download finished and asked me to restart my PC.

My IE stays at IE8 even though the installer says to have successfully downloaded IE11. I even got a "Welcome to your new browser" message when opening up IE to check, indicating that it somehow noticed I installed a new version or such, but nothing has changed.

Then, I try to run it through Windows Update, that also failed with numerous errors. Also, now that I have checked, whenever I open the "Turn Windows Features On and Off" in the Programs under Control Panel, it produces a little window that says "Please Wait..." for several seconds before turning into a blank box (since I was trying to see if there was anything in there related to IE11 or IE8, etc.)

This is where I start running into walls with solutions, so here I am looking for help, just to update to IE11.

Ran "sfc /scannow" in a cmd prompt, that didn't produce any error messages. Did a restart, nothing changed. Moving on from that.

Ran a System Update Readiness tool and received a lot of corrupted registry items. The CBS folder with the most recent scan is down below in the Sendspace link.

Ran SFCFix, here's the final report:

SFCFix version 3.0.0.0 by niemiro.Start time: 2017-11-19 12:36:52.124
Microsoft Windows 7 Service Pack 1 - amd64
Not using a script file.

AutoAnalysis::
SUMMARY: Some corruptions could not be fixed automatically. Seek advice from helper or sysnative.com.
CBS & SFC total detected corruption count: 0
CBS & SFC total unimportant corruption count: 0
CBS & SFC total fixed corruption count: 0
SURT total detected corruption count: 155
SURT total unimportant corruption count: 0
SURT total fixed corruption count: 0
AutoAnalysis:: directive completed successfully.

Successfully processed all directives.

Failed to generate a complete zip file. Upload aborted.

SFCFix version 3.0.0.0 by niemiro has completed.
Currently storing 0 datablocks.
Finish time: 2017-11-19 12:46:23.564
----------------------EOF-----------------------

And here is the Sendspace link to a .zip of my CBS folder.
https://www.sendspace.com/file/6dzwhy

Also, here are screenshots of the Windows Update Errors I get when I try to install these updates, help would be much appreciated!

Just to make sure you are covered, download and install Firefox, Brave, or some other browser, because we are going to completely uninstall IE 8 during this process, and you want to make sure that you have at least one working browser.

Go to Control Panel / Programs and Features. There are three tabs on this screen. One is for installed programs, one is for Windows features, and one is for updates. Go to each tab and uninstall or uncheck each item related to Internet Explorer. Click OK to proceed after doing that, then reboot when the uninstall has completely finished.

Now you should be able to install IE 11.

By going to all three tabs, we are completely uninstalling every part of IE 8. If you don't go to all three tabs, there will still be some of IE 8 hanging around, blocking the install of IE 11.

If the above doesn't work, then repeat the above steps, this time installing IE 10 rather than IE 11. Reboot when completely done. Once you have rebooted, now try to install IE 11.