For me, the latest patch Tuesday (5/13) updates changed the Multiple Displays setting from Duplicate to Extended on all my systems.
In Windows Screen Resolution I would set it back to Duplicate.
Then if I switched the display to another PC, and then back, the setting was set to Extended again.
The Duplicate setting would not stick...
I use AMD GPUs and finally ran CCC to see if something looked wrong...
I toggled some settings on and off in CCC.
The Duplicate setting now sticks for me - switching devices, sleeping/waking, rebooting, ...
While it's not the same issue you have, it seems something affected video with this latest round of updates (imho).
I thought it was "just me" and caused by my crazy setup with multiple PCs, monitors, mice, keyboards, audio devices, KVM, ...
I don't know what video manufacturer you have, but if you have a utility such as AMD CCC, nVidea Control Panel, etc., you might play with settings there.
While System Restore doesn't work for you, you could try uninstalling update(s) and see if that helps.
I'll also add, I create System Backup Images before each Patch Tuesday.
A System Restore (Restore Point) is NOT a complete copy of the "OS" drive.
A System Backup Image is a complete copy of the "OS" drive.
System Backup Images are more reliable...
This won't help you now, but something you might consider going forward.