Can it be done? Most likely, but as Ken said you will have to activate again. All things considering I would just back up what needs to be saved and clean install. Saves any potential problems from old driver leftovers and whatnot.
P.S. You didn't mention it, but hope you budgeted for new ram as the DDR in your old Abit board won't work in that new Gigabyte (uses DDR2).
Very little chance that this will work, the drivers are very different between P4 and dual core not to mention the change in bios and MB drivers. You will definitely WANT to re-install, even if you can repair the install you will probably create problems down the road that require a clean install to fix. I speak from doing this exact thing when I moved a Win7 drive from a Dell C600 (PIII) laptop to a C640 (P4)laptop and that was Dell to Dell which is far more similar/compatible than your scenario. Definitely a ram issue. Phone activation will be required. The other issue would be if your Windows7 install is an OEM copy (Full version or upgrade disk will work however), you may have an issue because Microsoft considers a different MB/processor to be a different computer and OEM is tied to that specific computer (would have to be the same MB although you could change processor to a faster P4.
As the MB died already I guess you will not be able to backup your data prior but if you have or can get another drive you might as well do a clean install on it and then put the origional drive in as a secondary so as to copy your old data to the new drive. This would serve 2 purposes the main one being a chance to upgrade to a larger and perhaps faster drive.
My Computer
Computer Manufacturer/Model Number
Systemax N2000 Gaming PC
OS
Windows 7 Ultimate x64
CPU
Q6600 @2.4ghz (G0 stepping)
Motherboard
XFX nforce 680i LT
Memory
8 gb OCZ vista essential sli PC-6400
Graphics Card(s)
Dual 9800gt in SLI mode
Sound Card
Integrated 8.1 High Definition Audio
Monitor(s) Displays
Dual Sceptre x246w 24 inch monitors
Screen Resolution
1920 x 1200 each monitor
Hard Drives
500 GB SATA II / 7500 rpm
PSU
Cooler Master Real Power Pro 1250W
Case
N2000 server tower
Cooling
Thermaltake Bigwater 760 is
Keyboard
MS Intelitype 6000 v2.0
Mouse
MS Intelipoint 6000
Internet Speed
Wi-power 1.5GB up / 512k down
Other Info
Windows 7 Ultimate x64, Windows 7 Pro x64, Windows Home Premium X86, Windows XP pro, Windows Home Server x86, Ubuntu 10.4 x86 and x64, Ubuntu server 10.4, SQL Server 2005, MySQL 5.0
Installed the new hardware started up detected new drivers no problem. Just had to install the drivers for the graphics card manually by running the install of graphics software. The funny thing was that I had to reactivate Office 2010 but just over the net.
Last time I replaced my mobo, Windows 7 got to the log in screen. Nothing else would work (mice, keyboard). I did a reinstall and everything worked fine.
Bill
My Computer
Computer type
PC/Desktop
Computer Manufacturer/Model Number
Custom Built
OS
Windows 7 Enterprise x64
CPU
i7-5820K
Motherboard
Asus X99 A
Memory
16GB DDR4
Graphics Card(s)
ASUS 2GB Nvidia 960GTX OC'd
Monitor(s) Displays
24"
Screen Resolution
1920x1080
Hard Drives
Samsung 1TB 840 SSD
Western Digital 1TB Black Drive
Seagate 2TB NAS Drive
It will work. I did the same with mine (not same MB as yours though). Just make sure you have all the drivers available for the new MB. As Win7 boots up it should detect the new hardware and put default drivers in place. You can then install the correct ones. You will of course need to activate Win7 again and depending on what option you use on the phone you will need to enter number or talk to someone. Just make sure when it asks you if you have uninstalled the software you say yes or you will have to talk to someone.
I went ahead and attempted to just replace the mobo without doing a fresh install....
Success! Booted into safe mode and w7 installed all the drivers for the mobo. Then I booted into regular windows, installed the rest of the drives, no issues.
The about screen said I had three days to validate windows, went ahead and did it and validated it without issue.
Windows 7 Ultimate x64, Windows 7 Pro x64, Windows Home Premium X86, Windows XP pro, Windows Home Server x86, Ubuntu 10.4 x86 and x64, Ubuntu server 10.4, SQL Server 2005, MySQL 5.0