I am not sure about your country on public network.
Give you an example, in Singapore.
The gov have the plan to link nation wide using fibre network.
All at the same time, there are many hotspot using Wifi as connection.
Almost all shopping mall and inlcuding MRT have its won wifi for shopper and staff.
Anyone can login and get a username, and log in without much problem
Beside shopping malls own wifi and any other location, mostly support by ISP and other provider.
So everyone will be able to use, as no charges involved, and what more is no need to use mobile data.
Now we added to some phones having a feature, there is no need on username & password.
Back to your case. And putting HOME wifi aside.
As i mentioned, there is a need to know the some setting to enable to connect.
Hence you may have ask around.
As i am not sure how your country &or location setup is.
This is nothing to do with PC or Windows OS and it is just a wifi connection.
So you need to find out who to talk to on how to do the setup.
But sometimes, you may not be able to access, depend on Terms & Conditions.
INTERNET CONNECTION is not wifi and nothing to do with.
This is more or less on ISP mobile data.
Setting up to various location may have a big problem.
But in Singapore, we are can say about 90% fully in place, for 4G on 300Mbps, in most population on the location itself.
Hence this is your country policy and ISP support.
There is nothing can be done, under; like Singapore full worldwide at about 90% exclude remote area.
You just cannot connect with the necessary info.
Also, there are "personal hotspot" which you mentioned as Pubic Wifi.
That is using either a mobile modem &or handphone to set a personal hotspot.