I think you're going about it the wrong way.
You have two easy choices to nab the files off the computer:
1) Use a PE version of Windows like HIren's Boot CD or even a Linux Live OS of Puppy Linux or whatever. With Linux you need to be careful not to install to the drive though. Hiren's would be a lot safer, and it's Windows...
2) Remove the hard drive (HDD) and connect it to a SATA to USB port reader. Plug into a good working computer...
On number 1. Grab Hiren's
here.
Grab Ventoy
here.
Now use Ventoy to format the USB drive. It won't be apparent Ventoy did anything but rest assured it has.
Now simply copy/paste the Hiren's Boot CD .ISO file to the Ventoy formatted USB drive. Yes, just copy and paste the .ISO file you downloaded from Hiren's to the USB drive.
Now boot it like you did before. You'll get a menu in Ventoy with the option to boot Hiren's. Once the PE version of Windows 10 launches (Hiren's Boot CD), on the desktop chose the "This PC" icon. That's the Windows 10 equivalent to "My Computer." From there you
might see your internal laptop drive from which you can copy/paste over files to another connected USB drive.
I say
might see your internal drive because who knows the extent of the damage. It could be so bad it's completely gone. There is specialized software to help with that depending on the issue, but depending on how important the data is you may need to seek a reputable data recovery professional. And those guys aren't cheap. You also want to limit your interaction with the problematic drive as using it can make things even worse for recovery.
On number 2:
I have this model and so far so good. (Bought it on eBay actually for a lot cheaper back then. No crime, I mean Prime required.
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PS: What's with the Startech horse s**t all over Amazon? LOL I wonder if they too are dubbed an Amazon "climate pledge friendly" product despite being manufactured in the land of ten thousand smoke stacks?
Interesting:
StarTech.com - Wikipedia
Wikipedia said:
This article contains content that is written like an advertisement
You bet it does. Read the sources.