Lost ability to Remote Desktop into Win7 machine, 0x519 error

ebo

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I have lost the ability to Remote Desktop into my Windows 7 Pro SP1 several months ago (running in a VM, if that's relevant; I need it for some no-security-needed legacy stuff that won't work on newer machines)

(The machine is infrequently spun up to do some minor work which I generally do via remote desktop from an Android phone, but I haven't been able to log in from anywhere successfully, even though network share access still works)

Both my Win11 and Android devices are unable to log in, either with a generic failure message, or with 0x519, "Your password may have expired or the remote PC might not accept blank passwords."
The password has not changed in years, and is not blank.
I can still log in to the machine locally, just not over RDP.

Things I've fixed/verified so far:
* account is a local admin
* account has a password, and it is correctly entered
* logging in with MACHINE\username to ensure it's logging in with the local version
* account is explicitly added to the Remote Desktop Users list
* the firewall allows access (enabled; all connections allowed; all computers, users, remote ports; applicable to everything, edge traversal allowed)
* all the relevant services are set to Automatic and are running. So are most of the irrelevant ones.
* network type set to Home
* less-secure Remote Desktop connections are allowed (I'm getting desperate)
* Win7 machine has connectivity to the local network (I can access e.g. network shares from it using the same account)
* problem persists through multiple reboots of absolutely everything.
* connecting on the correct port (I can ping the device, and the port is open - the failure seems to be specifically at the login step)

It's probably not a recent security update given that it's a Windows 7 machine in 2025.

What else could it be, and what else can I try?

- - - Updated - - -

trying to log in with wrong/nonsense credentials gives the same 0x519 error as above.

trying to use the wrong IP address or port gives a different error.
 

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    Windows 7, Windows 11, Android
    OS
    Windows 7, Windows 11, Android
  • Computer type
    PC/Desktop
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