Is there a way to overcome the 6 digit verification code which requires a phone?
What 6-digit code are you referring to? You're probably referring to "Two-Factor Authentication" (2FA) as a second layer of security, but there are different ways that can be implemented.
The most common (and least secure) method is "SMS-based", in which the webserver to which you're trying to login will send a 6-digit authentication code by SMS to your phone, which you must then regurgitate into a form on the webpage to verify it's you. If this is the method you're faced with, any alternatives are limited to whatever the webserver supports. For instance, Google products support a half dozen different methods, and when logging in there will be a small link to "Try another way" if the default method is temporarily inconvenient or unavailable.
But Google decides what those "other ways" might be. The web service you're dealing with might have different choices, so you'll have to login to your account and explore if and what alternatives are supported. Choices might include sending an email, sending a text, sending an automated voice call, using a "Time-based One Time Passcode" (TOTP) app on your computer or smartphone, using a hardware key (e.g., a "Yubikey" you plug into a USB port), and more. You'll be limited to which of these methods your web service supports.
Unfortunately, the vast majority of
US banks and financial institutions -- an industry most in need of good security -- are woefully behind the times and support only the weaker SMS-based 2FA and nothing else. So sad. Hopefully, your Australian banks aren't as bad as the US.
I'll make an additional comment on TOTP apps (of which "Google Authenticator" or "Microsoft Authenticator" might be the most familiar to the general public). Those are marketed as smartphone apps, but FTR note there are equivalent desktop apps that do the same thing, so strictly speaking a smartphone is not required. If the web service you're dealing with supports "Google Authenticator" or similar, your best bet might be to enable that option. You can substitute "WinAuth", a desktop app, for a smartphone. There are also password managers -- such as KeePass, LastPass, BitWarden, et al -- that include a TOTP 2FA authenticator function, so you can use the same app for both passwords and 2FA authentication.
Regardless, your first step will be to explore what options are supported by your web service.