Reboot your computer to Safe Mode with Networking, and see if you can browse from there.
To get into Safe Mode with Networking: When you power on the computer, you will immediately see an HP splash screen. As soon as the splash screen disappears, start tapping the F8 key. Soon you will see a menu - one of the menu options will be Safe Mode with Networking. Choose that option, and log into Windows.
If you can browse in Safe Mode with Networking, then there is nothing wrong with your hard drive; the problem is with Windows. There may be something that is blocking your ability to browse the web. Download and install a browser that you don't currently have installed -- Firefox, Brave, Chrome, etc. Make sure you can browse with the newly-installed browser. Then reboot the computer.
Log into Windows the normal way, and see if you can browse the web with the browser you just installed.
A similar thing happened once to a customer of mine. He could not browse in IE. I did a virus scan, but I couldn't find any malware. I then brought a copy of Firefox on DVD and installed it on his computer. He was able to browse with no problem using Firefox.
I ended up doing a factory reinstall on his computer, which fixed the problem. It's possible that if I had done a reset on IE, that might have fixed it; but I didn't try that, so I don't know. He told me that there was nothing that needed to be saved on his computer, so I did the easiest and most complete solution -- a factory reinstall.
Make sure that you are able to reinstall whatever software you need (including having install media and license keys), and make sure that you have copied off everything you want, before doing a factory reinstall; because a factory reinstall totally wipes your drive, with no possibility of recovering anything.