Ok well in that first post pic it mentions a failing drive either the hard drive or the optical. If it is the optical that os not reading the disk properly then replacing it would be a fix maybe for that.
To test the optical you could try this
BOOTABLE UBUNTU
Make a bootable Ubuntu disk
Download Ubuntu Desktop | Download | Ubuntu
Set the BIOS to boot from the optical when the machine boots it will show you a screen with TRY or INSTALL > select
TRY not INSTALL!!
When it is finished - it takes very little time you will get a screen like in the pic .
Open the drive you want > User and dig down until you get to the data / settings you may be able to copy / paste the material you want to an external source or other installed drive doing this.
I am not sure if it will but I have recovered tons of data etc using this method both on "dead" or just plain drives that you cannot get data from using Windows.
There is another Linux based one here*Emergency Kit - save your files from a dead OS*I prefer my Ubuntu fix only because it is a little easier to set up.
You will need to make a bootable disk on another machine obviously and then insert the disk into the machine while powering up.
Now all you need to see is if the disk will boot that system - it is a Linux based one that does not require Windows to run. Don't worry about retrieving data as per my little ditty I just need to see if the optical drive is working as it should and if need be retrieving data can be done later if it should be a bad hard drive.